For most standard space heaters, you will need a generator capable of providing at least 1250 watts. This wattage is essential to power the heater safely and efficiently, ensuring it operates at its intended capacity.
Understanding Generator Size and Wattage
When we talk about generator size, we are primarily referring to its power output, measured in watts. Generators are typically rated by their "running watts" (the continuous power they can provide) and "starting watts" (the extra surge of power needed to start certain motor-driven appliances). While space heaters generally don't have a high starting surge like refrigerators or air conditioners, it's crucial to match the generator's running watts to the heater's requirement.
How Much Power Does a Space Heater Need?
A typical electric space heater consumes approximately 1250 watts. This figure can vary slightly based on the heater's model, size, and specific heating elements, but it serves as a reliable baseline for generator sizing.
To determine the exact wattage of your specific space heater, always check the label or the owner's manual. This information is usually found on a sticker on the back or bottom of the unit, or in the specifications section of the manual.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Generator
Beyond just the space heater's wattage, several factors should influence your generator choice:
- Total Wattage Load: Will you be powering only the space heater, or other appliances as well? You must sum up the running watts of all devices you intend to use simultaneously.
- Starting Watts for Other Appliances: If you plan to run appliances with motors (e.g., a refrigerator, well pump, or vacuum cleaner), account for their higher starting wattage requirements. For example, a vacuum cleaner might require 700-1400 watts.
- Generator Type:
- Conventional Generators: Often more affordable and provide high power output, but can be louder and less fuel-efficient.
- Inverter Generators: Quieter, more fuel-efficient, and produce "cleaner" power, which is safer for sensitive electronics like laptops and TVs. They are an excellent choice if you plan to power more than just the heater.
- Runtime and Fuel Capacity: Consider how long you need the generator to run and choose a model with a fuel tank size that meets your needs without frequent refueling.
- Portability: If you need to move the generator frequently, look for lighter models with wheels and handles.
Common Appliance Wattage Reference
To help you estimate your total power needs, here's a quick reference for common household appliances:
| Appliance | Typical Running Watts |
|---|---|
| Space Heater | 1250 |
| Vacuum Cleaner | 700 - 1400 |
| Table Lamp | 150 |
| Refrigerator | 600 - 800 (running), 1200 - 2000 (starting) |
| Microwave (med) | 800 - 1200 |
| Sump Pump | 750 - 1500 (running), 1500 - 3000 (starting) |
Note: These are average wattages; always check your specific appliance.
Practical Sizing Steps
To ensure you select the right generator, follow these simple steps:
- List Your Appliances: Make a list of all the appliances you anticipate powering with the generator, including your space heater.
- Find Running Watts: Identify the running wattage for each item. This information is usually on a label or in the owner's manual. For the space heater, plan for 1250 watts.
- Find Starting Watts (if applicable): For motor-driven appliances, note their starting wattage (often 2-3 times their running wattage).
- Calculate Total Running Watts: Add up the running watts of all appliances.
- Determine Maximum Starting Wattage: Identify the single appliance with the highest starting wattage requirement. Add this to your total running watts (excluding that appliance's running watts, as it's typically accounted for in the surge).
- Add a Buffer: It's a good practice to add a 10-20% buffer to your total calculated wattage. This provides a safety margin and prevents overloading the generator.
Example:
If you want to run a 1250-watt space heater and a 150-watt table lamp, your minimum continuous power requirement would be 1400 watts (1250 + 150). Considering a 10% buffer, you'd look for a generator with at least 1540 running watts. If you also wanted to power a refrigerator (600 running, 1800 starting), your total calculation would need to incorporate the refrigerator's starting surge on top of the space heater and lamp running watts.
Choosing a generator that comfortably exceeds your total wattage needs will ensure reliable power and extend the life of your equipment. For more detailed information on generator safety and selection, consult resources from reputable organizations like the Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI) or generator manufacturers' guides.
