In biology, GQ refers to a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. This family is also commonly called the Gq/11 (Gq/G11) family or Gq/11/14/15 family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as Gq alpha, Gαq, or Gqα.
In essence, it's a specific type of alpha subunit within the larger family of G proteins, critical for cell signaling.
Here's a breakdown:
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G Proteins: These are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells. They are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.
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Heterotrimeric G Proteins: These G proteins consist of three subunits: alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ). The alpha subunit binds to GTP (guanosine triphosphate) and is the primary determinant of the G protein's function.
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Gq Subunit: This is a specific type of alpha subunit. When activated, Gq activates phospholipase C (PLC), an enzyme that cleaves phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These molecules are second messengers that trigger downstream effects.
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Gq/11 Family: GQ is part of a family which may also be known as the Gq/11 (Gq/G11) family or Gq/11/14/15 family to include closely related family members.
