"Down" is used in a variety of contexts, primarily to indicate movement to a lower position or level, or as part of phrasal verbs to modify the meaning of a verb. Here's a breakdown of common uses:
1. Movement to a Lower Position or Level:
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Physical Descent: This is the most common use. It describes moving from a higher point to a lower point.
- Example: "We're going down a mountain."
- Example: "A man came down the stairs to meet them."
- Example: The water flowed down the drain.
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Directional Movement: Indicating movement in a downward direction.
- Example: The stock market went down.
- Example: Production is down this quarter.
2. With Verbs of Movement:
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"Down" is frequently used to modify verbs indicating motion, especially to emphasize the downward direction or completion of an action.
- Example: fall down
- Example: pull down
3. As Part of Phrasal Verbs:
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"Down" combines with many verbs to create phrasal verbs, changing or extending the verb's original meaning.
- Example: bring down (to cause to fall or be defeated)
- Example: calm down (to become less agitated)
- Example: break down (to stop functioning)
- Example: write down (to record something)
- Example: shut down (to close or stop operating)
4. Other Uses:
- Location: Describing something at a lower point.
- Example: "I live down the street."
- Completion: Indicating something has been consumed or finished.
- Example: "I drank the whole glass down."
- Negative Condition: Describing something that is not working or is temporarily out of service
- Example: "The website is down."
Summary:
"Down" is a versatile word used to describe physical descent, downward direction, and as part of numerous phrasal verbs. Its primary function is to indicate a movement to a lower position, level, or state. Understanding the context is key to interpreting its specific meaning.