Periodontitis, also known as gum disease, is primarily caused by poor oral hygiene. This allows plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, to accumulate on teeth and harden.
Understanding the Development of Periodontitis
The process begins with the buildup of plaque on your teeth. If not removed through proper brushing and flossing, this plaque hardens into tartar (calculus). This tartar irritates the gums, leading to gingivitis – the early stage of gum disease characterized by swollen, red, and bleeding gums.
Key Factors Contributing to Periodontitis:
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Insufficient brushing and flossing are the leading causes. Plaque bacteria produce toxins that inflame the gums.
- Plaque Buildup: The accumulation of plaque and its subsequent hardening into tartar is the primary trigger.
- Tartar Formation: Hardened plaque irritates gums and provides a breeding ground for more bacteria.
- Gingivitis Progression: If gingivitis is left untreated, it progresses to periodontitis.
- Bacterial Infection: The inflammation extends beyond the gums, damaging the tissues and bones supporting your teeth.
Progression of the Disease:
If the inflammation isn't addressed, it progresses to periodontitis, causing:
- Gum Recession: Gums pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that trap more bacteria.
- Bone Loss: The supporting bone structure of the teeth deteriorates, potentially leading to tooth loss.
- Pain and Discomfort: Chewing becomes painful due to the inflammation and bone loss.
Solutions and Prevention
Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial in preventing periodontitis. This includes:
- Brushing twice daily: Using fluoride toothpaste and proper brushing technique.
- Flossing daily: To remove plaque from between teeth.
- Regular dental checkups: Professional cleanings remove tartar buildup and help detect early signs of gum disease.
