What is gum made of?

Gum is composed of several key ingredients that combine to create the chewy treat we enjoy.

Components of Gum

Here's a breakdown of what makes up a piece of gum, based on the provided information (Jackson, 1995; Patel et al., 2011):

Gum Base

The core of gum is the gum base, which is a complex mixture of various substances that provide the chewy texture. It contains:

• Resins: These add elasticity and binding properties.
• Humectants: Help retain moisture, keeping the gum soft.
• Elastomers: Provide the stretchiness and flexibility of the gum.
• Emulsifiers: Allow ingredients to mix well and maintain a uniform texture.
• Fillers: Add bulk and control the gum's consistency.
• Waxes: Contribute to the texture and prevent gum from sticking too much.
• Antioxidants: Prevent the gum from spoiling by slowing down oxidation.
• Softeners: Help keep the gum pliable.

Sweeteners

Sweeteners are added for flavor. Common types include sugar and sugar alternatives like:

• Sucrose: Table sugar.
• Xylitol: A sugar alcohol, often used in sugar-free gums.
• Aspartame: An artificial sweetener.

Flavoring Agents

These provide the distinct tastes associated with gum:

• Natural Extracts: Derived from plants, like mint or fruit.
• Artificial Flavors: Synthetically created to mimic natural tastes.

Coating

Some gums have a hard outer coating, which may include:

• Sweeteners: For added sweetness.
• Flavoring Agents: To enhance taste.
• Coloring Agents: For visual appeal.
• Fruit Acids: To give a tart or tangy flavor.

Summary Table

In conclusion, gum is not just a single substance, but a careful mix of ingredients designed to deliver a specific chewing experience. The combination of gum base, sweeteners, flavoring agents, and coating creates the many varieties of gum available today.