Incretin hormones are primarily found and secreted in the gut, specifically originating from specialized cells in its upper and lower sections. These hormones are crucial gut peptides that are released into the bloodstream after nutrient intake, playing a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels.
The Role of Incretins
Incretins are known for their ability to stimulate insulin secretion, particularly when blood glucose levels are elevated. This mechanism helps to manage post-meal blood sugar, making them key players in glucose homeostasis.
Specific Locations of Incretin Production
There are two primary incretin hormones, each produced in distinct regions and by specific cell types within the gut:
- Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP):
- Location: GIP is produced by K cells which are predominantly found in the upper gut.
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1):
- Location: GLP-1 is produced by L cells that are located in the lower gut.
To summarize their locations:
| Incretin Hormone | Primary Location (Gut Region) | Producing Cells |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) | Upper Gut | K cells |
| Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) | Lower Gut | L cells |
These hormones are secreted after a meal and work synergistically with hyperglycaemia to enhance the pancreatic insulin response, demonstrating their significance in metabolic regulation.
