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Does City Water Damage Hair?

Published in Hair Care 3 mins read

Yes, city water can damage hair due to the chemicals used for disinfection, primarily chlorine and chloramines.

How City Water Affects Hair

City water undergoes treatment to make it safe for consumption. This process often involves adding chemicals that, while beneficial for public health, can have adverse effects on hair.

  • Chlorine and Chloramines: These disinfectants can strip the hair of its natural oils, leading to dryness, brittleness, and a dull appearance. This can also cause the scalp to dry out, potentially leading to dandruff. As cited in the references, chlorine weakens hair.

  • Hard Water Minerals: City water can also contain high levels of minerals like calcium and magnesium, making it "hard." These minerals can build up on the hair shaft, making it feel rough and difficult to manage. Hard water can also interfere with the effectiveness of shampoos and conditioners.

Common Problems Caused by City Water

  • Dry and Brittle Hair: The removal of natural oils leads to increased dryness and breakage.
  • Faded Hair Color: Chlorine can react with hair dye, causing it to fade faster or even change color.
  • Tangling and Knots: Dry, rough hair is more prone to tangling.
  • Dullness: Mineral buildup and lack of moisture can leave hair looking lifeless.
  • Scalp Irritation: Chlorine can irritate the scalp, causing itching and dandruff.
  • Increased Hair Loss: While not a direct cause, weakened hair is more susceptible to breakage, which can appear as increased hair loss. The reference indicates that chlorine and chloramines can lead to increased hair loss.

Solutions to Minimize Damage

Fortunately, there are several ways to mitigate the damaging effects of city water on hair:

  • Use a Shower Filter: A shower filter can remove chlorine, chloramines, and some minerals from the water.
  • Clarifying Shampoo: Use a clarifying shampoo periodically to remove mineral buildup. Be careful not to overuse it, as it can be drying.
  • Deep Conditioning Treatments: Replenish moisture lost due to chlorine and hard water with regular deep conditioning treatments.
  • Leave-in Conditioner: Use a leave-in conditioner to help protect hair from environmental damage.
  • Chelating Shampoo: Chelating shampoos are specifically designed to remove mineral buildup.
  • Rinse with Bottled or Filtered Water: After washing, give your hair a final rinse with bottled or filtered water.
  • Swimming Cap: If swimming in chlorinated pools, wear a swimming cap to protect your hair. Wet your hair with clean water before putting the cap on to reduce chlorine absorption.

In conclusion, while city water is essential for public health, it can indeed damage hair. By understanding the causes and taking preventative measures, you can protect your hair and maintain its health and appearance.