An HBV test is a blood test used to determine if you have a current or past infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This test identifies specific substances produced by the virus or your body's response to it.
How Does an HBV Test Work?
HBV tests work by detecting hepatitis B surface antigens and antibodies in your blood. According to the provided reference, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has proteins called antigens on its surface, which trigger your immune system to create antibodies. These surface antigens can be detected in your blood within weeks of the initial infection. Therefore, the test can determine whether you have a recent or long-standing infection.
Types of HBV Tests:
HBV testing usually involves a panel of blood tests that look for different antigens and antibodies. Here's a breakdown:
| Test Name | What it Detects | Indicates |
|---|---|---|
| Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) | Indicates if you have a current HBV infection. | You are infectious. |
| Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) | Indicates if you are immune to HBV. | Immunity from prior infection or vaccination. |
| Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) | Indicates if you have a past or present HBV infection. | Exposure to HBV, even if recovered. |
| IgM anti-HBc | Indicates a recent or acute HBV infection. | Recent infection with HBV. |
| HBV DNA | Measures the amount of HBV in your blood. | How active the virus is and how well treatment is working (if applicable). |
Why is HBV Testing Important?
- Diagnosis: Confirms whether you have a hepatitis B infection.
- Monitoring: Tracks the progress of the infection and the effectiveness of treatment.
- Prevention: Helps prevent the spread of HBV through informed lifestyle choices and vaccination.
- Vaccination decisions: Determines if vaccination is needed.
