The test for a head injury or to assess brain function depends on the suspected issue. Several tests can be used, each serving a different purpose.
1. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common test that measures the electrical activity in your brain. Small sensors (electrodes) are attached to your scalp to detect these impulses, which are then displayed as wavy lines on a recording. This test is useful for detecting abnormalities in brain wave patterns, potentially indicating conditions like epilepsy or sleep disorders. As stated by Mayo Clinic, "An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures electrical activity in the brain." Multiple sources confirm this definition. The NHS states that an EEG is "a recording of brain activity".
2. Brain MRI
A brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan provides detailed images of the brain's structures. This painless test uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create clear pictures, aiding in the diagnosis of various conditions including tumors, strokes, and head injuries. Cleveland Clinic describes it as "a painless test that produces very clear images of the structures inside of your head".
3. Concussion Tests
Following a head injury, concussion tests evaluate brain function. These assessments often examine memory, cognitive speed, balance, and coordination to determine the extent of any damage. Cleveland Clinic explains that concussion tests "assess brain function after a head injury". This includes evaluating various aspects of cognitive and physical function.
4. Head Impulse Test
The Head Impulse Test is a quick bedside test used to detect problems with the balance system in the inner ear. This simple test helps identify issues related to unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders. Physiopedia describes this as "a simple and reliable bedside test that could be used for detecting persons with unilateral peripheral...".
The specific test(s) used will depend on the presenting symptoms and the suspected cause of the problem. For example, a person experiencing seizures might undergo an EEG, while someone with suspected brain trauma might have both a CT scan and an MRI.
