Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease, occurs when blood flow to the heart is reduced. This reduction is typically caused by narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.
Understanding Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)
IHD develops when the coronary arteries, responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked. This obstruction limits the flow of blood, resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to the heart. The primary cause of this narrowing is typically the buildup of plaque in the arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis.
Causes of IHD
- Atherosclerosis: The primary cause, where fatty deposits (plaque) accumulate inside artery walls.
- Coronary Artery Spasm: Though less common, the arteries can constrict, temporarily reducing blood flow.
- Rare Situations: In rare instances, other conditions may lead to IHD.
How IHD is Evaluated (Especially in Children)
Evaluating IHD involves assessing the blood flow through the coronary arteries and the overall health of the heart. Evaluation approaches, especially in children, may differ from those in adults due to the unique physiology and disease presentations.
| Evaluation Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Physical Examination | Doctors check for signs like high blood pressure, heart murmurs, and other physical indications of heart issues. |
| Electrocardiogram (ECG) | This test measures electrical activity in the heart, helping detect irregular heartbeats or damage. |
| Echocardiogram | An ultrasound of the heart to evaluate its structure and function, including blood flow within the heart. |
| Stress Test | Monitors heart activity during exercise to reveal insufficient blood flow to the heart. |
| Cardiac Catheterization | A catheter is inserted into a blood vessel to view the coronary arteries and measure blood flow. This is a more invasive option used when other tests are insufficient. |
| Blood Tests | Measure cholesterol levels and other markers that indicate heart disease risk. |
Symptoms of IHD
- Chest Pain (Angina): Typically described as tightness, pressure, or pain in the chest.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, often during activity.
- Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired.
- Sweating
- Nausea
- Dizziness
Managing IHD
Managing IHD typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and potentially procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to restore blood flow to the heart.
Conclusion
IHD is a serious condition resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart, primarily caused by narrowed coronary arteries. Early detection and management are essential for preventing severe complications.
