The loss of blood is called hemorrhage. This can occur internally, where bleeding happens inside the body, or externally, where blood flows outside the body. Hemorrhage can range from minor, such as when the superficial vessels in the skin are damaged, leading to petechiae and ecchymosis, to life-threatening situations.
Causes of Hemorrhage
- Trauma: Accidents, falls, and injuries can cause internal or external bleeding.
- Surgery: Surgical procedures can sometimes lead to bleeding.
- Medical Conditions: Conditions such as ulcers, aneurysms, and tumors can also cause hemorrhage.
- Blood Disorders: Disorders affecting blood clotting can lead to excessive bleeding.
Types of Hemorrhage
- Internal Hemorrhage: Bleeding inside the body, which can be trapped in various organs or cavities.
- External Hemorrhage: Bleeding outside the body, which can be visible and requires prompt treatment.
Treatment
- Stopping Blood Loss: The first step in treating hemorrhage is to control the bleeding. This may involve applying pressure to the wound, elevating the affected limb, or using a tourniquet.
- Fluid Replacement: If significant blood loss has occurred, intravenous fluids are often given to restore blood volume.
- Blood Transfusion: In severe cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary to replace lost blood.
Complications
Hemorrhage can lead to various complications, including:
- Hypovolemic Shock: This occurs when the body loses a significant amount of blood, leading to a decrease in blood pressure and oxygen delivery to the organs.
- Anemia: Chronic blood loss can lead to a decrease in red blood cells, causing anemia.
