The FADIR test, which stands for Flexion, ADduction, and Internal Rotation test, is a physical examination maneuver used to assess certain hip conditions.
Purpose of the FADIR Test
The primary goal of the FADIR test is to help diagnose specific issues in the hip joint. Specifically, it can help identify:
- Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) Syndrome: This occurs when there is abnormal contact between the bones of the hip joint, leading to pain and limited movement. The FADIR test aims to replicate this impingement.
- Anterior Labral Tear: The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the hip socket. A tear in the anterior (front) part of the labrum can be detected by the FADIR test.
- Iliopsoas Tendinitis: This condition involves inflammation of the iliopsoas tendon, which is located in the hip region. The FADIR test may provoke pain if this tendon is irritated.
How the FADIR Test is Performed
During a FADIR test, a clinician will position a patient’s hip in a specific manner:
- The hip is flexed (bent towards the chest).
- The hip is then adducted (moved towards the midline of the body).
- Finally, the hip is internally rotated (the foot is turned outward).
The test is considered positive if the patient experiences pain, especially in the groin area, during these movements. This pain indicates a possible issue within the hip joint.
Why it Works
The movements in the FADIR test serve to bring the femoral head (the top of the thigh bone) into close proximity with the acetabular rim (the socket of the hip). This approximation of the bones can elicit pain if there are any underlying conditions such as those previously mentioned.
FADIR Test Summary
| Test Component | Description | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Flexion | Bending the hip towards the chest | Initial position to bring femur closer to acetabulum |
| Adduction | Moving the hip towards the body's midline | Further approximation of femur to acetabulum |
| Internal Rotation | Turning the foot outward | Maximizes contact between femur and acetabular rim |
In conclusion, the FADIR test is a valuable clinical tool used to assess for FAI syndrome, anterior labral tears, and iliopsoas tendinitis by deliberately bringing the femur and acetabular rim close together. Pain during the test indicates a potential issue.
