Hip rotation refers to the movement of the thigh bone (femur) rotating around its long axis relative to the pelvis. This rotation can occur in two directions:
1. Internal Rotation (Medial Rotation):
Internal rotation, also known as medial rotation, is when the thigh bone turns inwards towards the body's midline. Imagine turning your knee and foot inward.
- Example: Bringing your knee towards your chest while lying on your back and then turning your knee inwards.
2. External Rotation (Lateral Rotation):
External rotation, or lateral rotation, is when the thigh bone turns outwards, away from the body's midline. Think of turning your knee and foot outward.
- Example: Standing with your feet hip-width apart, and then turning one leg outwards, while keeping your toes pointing to the side.
The range of motion (ROM) for hip rotation varies between individuals and is influenced by factors such as muscle flexibility, joint health, and previous injuries. Limited hip rotation can contribute to discomfort, and, as noted in research (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19081817/), can be associated with low back pain (LBP), particularly in athletes participating in rotation-related sports. Conversely, excessive hip rotation could also present problems. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZSrHV7dWQc) Improving hip rotation through exercises and stretches can enhance mobility, stability, and prevent injuries. (https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326922, https://www.healthline.com/health/hip-external-rotation) Muscle actions involved in hip rotation are complex and can involve a variety of muscles working together to produce the movement (https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2010.3025).
