How does the hip rotate?

The hip joint rotates through the coordinated action of several muscles, allowing for both internal and external rotation.

Muscles Involved in Hip Rotation

The following muscles contribute to hip rotation:

• Internal Rotation: Several muscles contribute to internal hip rotation. According to provided reference, the gluteus medius and minimus play a key role, especially when the hip is flexed. In addition, the anterior fibers of the gluteus maximus also contribute to internal rotation.
• External Rotation: (This information isn't directly provided, but necessary for context) Common external rotators of the hip include the piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, and quadratus femoris. The gluteus maximus is also primarily an external rotator.

Mechanism of Rotation

The hip rotates due to the contraction of the muscles listed above, which pull on the femur (thigh bone) relative to the pelvis. The direction of rotation depends on which muscles are activated.

Summary Table