San Xavier Mission, often referred to as Mission San Xavier del Bac, is a venerable landmark in Arizona, with its iconic church building beginning construction in 1783. This makes the current structure 241 years old as of 2024.
While the current magnificent structure dates back to the late 18th century, the site itself boasts a much longer history of missionary presence.
The Age of San Xavier del Bac Mission
The exact age of San Xavier Mission depends on whether one refers to the initial establishment of a mission on the site or the construction of the present-day church structure.
- Current Church Building: The impressive Baroque church that stands today, often called the "White Dove of the Desert," was constructed between 1783 and 1797. Its construction was initiated by Franciscan missionaries under Spanish colonial rule.
- Original Mission Site: The first mission, San Xavier del Bac, was founded by Jesuit missionary Father Eusebio Francisco Kino in 1692. This earlier structure was a simpler adobe church, later destroyed during Pima rebellions.
Thus, while the site has been a place of worship and missionary activity for over three centuries, the visible, celebrated structure is over two centuries old.
Key Historical Milestones
To understand the mission's age and historical context, consider these pivotal dates:
| Event | Year(s) | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Mission Site Founded | 1692 | Father Eusebio Francisco Kino establishes the first mission at Bac. |
| Current Church Construction Begins | 1783 | Franciscan missionaries initiate building the present-day stone and adobe church. |
| Current Church Completed & Dedicated | 1797 | The iconic structure is largely finished and formally dedicated. |
| Mission Sequestration | 1828 | After Mexican Independence, the mission lands are secularized, and the Franciscans depart. |
| Return of Franciscans | 1913 | Franciscans return to administer the mission, beginning a new era of care. |
| National Historic Landmark Status | 1960 | Recognized for its profound historical and architectural significance. |
Architectural Significance and Enduring Legacy
San Xavier Mission stands as one of the finest examples of Spanish Colonial architecture in the United States. Its intricate façade, vibrant interior frescos, and unique blend of Moorish, Byzantine, and Native American artistic influences make it a cultural and spiritual treasure.
- Preservation Efforts: Extensive restoration work, notably in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, has been crucial in preserving the mission's delicate artistry and structural integrity, ensuring it continues to stand for future generations.
- Living Parish: Unlike many historical missions that are solely museums, San Xavier del Bac remains an active Catholic parish serving the Tohono O'odham Nation and the wider community, celebrating Mass daily. This continuous use contributes to its vibrant living history.
For more detailed information on its history and ongoing activities, you can visit the official Mission San Xavier del Bac website.
