What Were Lesbians Called in the 1800s?

In the 1800s, one prominent term used to refer to women who loved other women was Sapphism.

Understanding "Sapphism"

The term "Sapphism" emerged as a significant descriptor for female homosexuality and has been in use since at least the 18th century. Its origin is deeply rooted in ancient Greek history and poetry, providing a historical and cultural context for its usage in the 1800s.

Etymology and Historical Context

• Named After Sappho: The term "Sapphism" is derived from Sappho, a renowned lyrical poet from the Greek island of Lesbos. Sappho lived in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE and is celebrated for her exquisite love poems, many of which were addressed to women.
• Isle of Lesbos: Sappho's connection to Lesbos Island is also the origin of the word "lesbian" itself, which emerged later. However, in the 1800s, "Sapphism" was a more established and commonly understood term with the specific connotation of female same-sex love.

Usage in the 19th Century

During the 1800s, while scientific and medical classifications of sexuality were beginning to emerge, terms like "Sapphism" were prevalent in literary, social, and often, medical discussions. It served as a way to categorize and discuss relationships between women that fell outside heteronormative expectations. The term carried a distinct connotation of romantic or sexual affection between women, directly linking back to the poetic tradition of Sappho.

It's important to note that while "Sapphism" was a recognized term, the public discourse and acceptance of female same-sex relationships varied greatly depending on social class, geography, and individual circumstances. The understanding and labeling of such relationships were often framed through moral, medical, or artistic lenses.

For more information on the historical terminology of sexuality, you can explore resources like Terminology of homosexuality on Wikipedia.