Jhelum was historically known by the ancient name Vitasta.
The Ancient Name: Vitasta
During ancient times, the river currently known as Jhelum was referred to as Vitasta. This name holds significant importance in historical and religious texts, particularly within the context of ancient Indian geography and culture. The Vitasta is recognized as one of the major rivers of the Punjab region, which played a crucial role in the early civilizations of the Indian subcontinent.
Historical Significance of Vitasta
The Vitasta River boasts a rich historical and cultural background:
- Vedic Period: It is mentioned as one of the seven rivers (Sapta Sindhu) in the ancient Hindu scriptures, most notably the Rigveda. Its purity and significance were highly regarded in Vedic literature, reflecting its importance to early Indian civilization.
- Alexander's Campaigns: The river is famously associated with the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BCE, where Alexander the Great's forces confronted King Porus. Greek historians referred to the river as Hydaspes, which is the Hellenized translation of Vitasta. This battle marked a significant event in ancient military history.
- Geographical Importance: Originating from the Verinag Spring in the Pir Panjal Range, the river flows through the picturesque Kashmir Valley, serving as a vital lifeline for its inhabitants for centuries, supporting agriculture and transportation.
Ancient Names of Major Rivers in the Region
To provide further context on the historical nomenclature of rivers in the region, here's a comparison of modern and ancient names for key waterways:
| Modern Name | Ancient Name |
|---|---|
| Jhelum | Vitasta |
| Chenab | Askini |
These ancient names are crucial for understanding historical texts, geographical descriptions, and the cultural landscape of the Indian subcontinent across different historical epochs.
