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Who Invented Trigonometry?

Published in History of Mathematics 2 mins read

Hipparchus, a Greek mathematician, is widely recognized as the founder of trigonometry.

The Genesis of Trigonometry

Around 140 BC, Hipparchus made a groundbreaking contribution that laid the foundation for the field of trigonometry. He is credited with producing the first known table of chords, which served as an early form of trigonometric tables. Although these original tables themselves have not survived through history, it is recounted that Hipparchus compiled as many as twelve books dedicated to these tables of chords.

His meticulous work in systematizing the relationship between angles and the lengths of chords within a circle was a pivotal step. This innovation allowed for the calculation of unknown angles and sides in triangles, a fundamental concept in what would become trigonometry.

Hipparchus's Enduring Legacy

Hipparchus's pioneering efforts established the framework for understanding and calculating trigonometric relationships. His work was crucial for:

  • Advancements in Astronomy: Trigonometry was essential for calculating the positions of celestial bodies and predicting astronomical events.
  • Navigation: It provided the mathematical tools needed for accurate navigation at sea.
  • Surveying: Facilitating precise measurements of distances and angles on land.

His conceptualization and creation of these tables cemented his status as the foundational figure in this mathematical discipline.

Key Contributions of Hipparchus

Pioneer Era Key Contribution Impact
Hipparchus c. 140 BC First known table of chords Laid the mathematical foundation for trigonometry

The work initiated by Hipparchus set the stage for later mathematicians to develop the more generalized trigonometric functions we use today, but his original systematic approach marks him as the discipline's true originator.