Thai people commonly refer to the Hmong ethnic group as ม้ง (Mông or Mong). This term is derived directly from the Hmong people's own self-designation, reflecting a generally accepted and respectful approach to their identity within Thailand.
Hmong Communities and Naming Conventions
Hmong communities are found across various countries in Southeast Asia and beyond, including northern Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), Vietnam, and China. While the Hmong in Thailand typically use and are referred to by a name adapted from their own language, the naming conventions for the Hmong can differ significantly depending on the country or region. For example, in China, where Hmong communities also reside, they are often known as Miao.
Understanding the Terminology
- ม้ง (Mông/Mong): This is the most prevalent and generally accepted term used by Thai people to refer to the Hmong. Its usage signifies an acknowledgment of the group's self-identification.
- Hmong Subgroups: Within the Hmong community, there are various subgroups, such as Green Hmong (Hmong Njua) and White Hmong (Hmong Daw), often distinguished by traditional clothing styles or dialectal differences. However, the overarching term "ม้ง" is used by Thai speakers for the ethnic group as a whole.
Historical Context in Thailand
The presence of Hmong communities in Thailand is a result of migrations from southern China over centuries. They have predominantly settled in the mountainous regions of northern Thailand. The Thai government officially recognizes the Hmong as one of the country's ethnic minority groups, contributing to Thailand's rich cultural diversity.
