What holiday plant is poisonous?

Several holiday plants are commonly associated with toxicity, with poinsettia and mistletoe being among the most well-known. While some are often considered very poisonous and even life-threatening, understanding their actual toxicity and taking precautions is key to a safe holiday season.

Common Toxic Holiday Plants

It's important to be aware of which festive plants pose a risk, especially to curious children and pets. Always keep plants out of reach of small children to prevent accidental ingestion.

Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)

Often recognized for its vibrant red and green foliage, the poinsettia is a quintessential holiday decoration. Historically, it has been widely considered very poisonous and even life-threatening. However, its toxicity is generally overstated.

• Symptoms of Exposure: If ingested, poinsettias typically cause only mild symptoms such as:
  • Mild stomach upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
  • Skin irritation (if sap comes into contact with skin)
  • Oral irritation
• Severity: While uncomfortable, serious poisoning from poinsettia ingestion is rare, and it is not usually life-threatening. The milky sap can be irritating, but significant harm is unlikely.

Mistletoe (Phoradendron serotinum or Viscum album)

Known for its romantic tradition, mistletoe berries and leaves are considerably more toxic than poinsettias and are indeed considered very poisonous and even life-threatening by experts.

• Symptoms of Exposure: Ingestion of mistletoe, especially the berries, can lead to more severe symptoms, including:
  • Gastrointestinal upset (severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain)
  • Slowed heart rate
  • Low blood pressure
  • Drowsiness
  • Hallucinations
  • In large quantities, seizures and even death are possible, making it genuinely life-threatening in significant exposures.
• Severity: Mistletoe poses a higher risk and should be handled with extreme caution.

Holly (Ilex aquifolium and other Ilex species)

The bright red berries of holly plants add a festive touch but are also toxic if ingested.

• Symptoms of Exposure: Ingestion of holly berries can cause:
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
• Severity: While rarely fatal, ingesting more than a few berries can lead to significant gastrointestinal distress.

Symptoms of Plant Poisoning

If you suspect someone has ingested a poisonous plant, look for the following general symptoms, which can vary based on the plant and amount ingested:

• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Stomach pain
• Oral or skin irritation (redness, itching, swelling)
• Drowsiness or confusion
• Difficulty breathing
• Changes in heart rate or blood pressure

What to Do in Case of Exposure

Immediate action can prevent serious complications.

1. Stay Calm: Panic can hinder effective action.
2. Remove Plant Material: If any plant material remains in the mouth, remove it promptly.
3. Rinse: Rinse the mouth with water. If skin contact occurred, wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
4. Identify the Plant: If possible, try to identify the plant involved. This information is crucial for poison control.
5. Contact Poison Control: For any suspected poisoning, immediately contact your local poison control center. In the United States, you can reach them at 1-800-222-1222. They are available 24/7 for expert advice. You can also visit the Poison Control website for more information.
6. Pet Exposure: If a pet ingests a toxic plant, contact your veterinarian or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) at (888) 426-4435.

Preventing Accidental Poisoning

Prevention is the best approach to ensure a safe holiday season.

• Keep Out of Reach: Place all holiday plants, especially mistletoe and holly, well out of the reach of small children and pets. Consider hanging plants or placing them on high shelves.
• Educate Children: Teach older children about the dangers of eating plants.
• Supervise Pets: Monitor pets closely around new holiday decorations.
• Consider Alternatives: Opt for artificial versions of potentially harmful plants, or choose non-toxic holiday greenery like Christmas cacti or orchids.
• Clean Up Dropped Leaves/Berries: Promptly sweep or vacuum up any fallen leaves or berries from plants.

Here's a quick overview of common holiday plants and their potential hazards:

By staying informed and taking simple precautions, you can enjoy the beauty of holiday plants without compromising safety.