What Hormones Cause Acne?

Acne is primarily caused by fluctuations in several key hormones. The most significant are androgens, particularly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). These hormones stimulate sebum production, leading to clogged pores and acne formation. Increased androgen levels, especially during puberty, are a major trigger for acne development in both males and females.

• Androgens (Testosterone and DHT): These are the primary hormones driving sebum production. Increased levels lead to more oil, contributing to clogged pores and breakouts. [Source: Androgens. Androgens represent the most important of all hormones regulating sebum production. As of puberty, androgens stimulate sebum production and acne formation in both sexes. This androgen-dependent secretion of sebum is mediated by potent androgens such as testosterone and DHT and likewise with weaker androgens.02-Sept-2016]
• Estrogen and Progesterone: While not direct triggers like androgens, fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels, particularly during the menstrual cycle, can influence sebum production and contribute to acne breakouts. [Source: Hormones implicated in acne pathogenesis include androgens, estrogens, progesterone, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1, CRH, … ] [Source: Hormonal acne is acne that occurs when a person's hormone level fluctuates. Fluctuations of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone can cause zits and pimples …]
• Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1): Elevated insulin levels can increase androgen production, indirectly promoting acne. [Source: Hormones implicated in acne pathogenesis include androgens, estrogens, progesterone, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1, CRH, …] [Source: Surges in insulin raise your androgen levels, which accelerates skin cell growth and puts you at risk for hormonal acne outbreaks.]
• Cortisol: This stress hormone can also affect sebum production and potentially exacerbate acne. [Source: Surges in insulin raise your androgen levels, which accelerates skin cell growth and puts you at risk for hormonal acne outbreaks. Cortisol.]

How Hormonal Changes Affect Acne:

The rise in androgen levels during puberty triggers increased sebum production, changes in skin cell activity (leading to clogged pores), inflammation, and bacterial colonization, all contributing to acne. Later in life, hormonal imbalances, such as those associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can also lead to adult acne. [Source: The rise in androgen levels can trigger a processTrusted Source of higher sebum production, changes in skin cell activity, inflammation, and colonization of the …] [Source: The hormonal imbalance that results in jawline acne is thought to be caused by a relative increase in …]