No single hormone solely causes anger. However, fluctuating levels of several hormones, particularly estrogen, and the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol, significantly impact mood and can contribute to feelings of anger, irritability, and frustration.
The Role of Estrogen
Estrogen plays a crucial role in regulating mood. Fluctuating estrogen levels, or difficulties metabolizing estrogen, can lead to various mood symptoms, including anger, irritability, anxiety, and depression. This is evident in experiences during perimenopause and postpartum, where hormonal shifts heavily influence mood. [See references on estrogen and mood swings](https://www.webmd.com/women/estrogen-and-womens-emotions, https://future-woman.com/three-ways-your-mood-is-regulated-by-your-hormones/, https://www.bodylogicmd.com/for-women/hormones-and-mood-swings/).
Stress Hormones and Anger
When experiencing anger, the adrenal glands release stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones prepare the body for a "fight-or-flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness. While not directly causing anger, these hormones amplify the physical and emotional responses associated with it. [See references on stress hormones and anger](http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/anger-how-it-affects-people, https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/handling-anger-management-relapses). Other emotions like fear, excitement and anxiety can also trigger this hormonal response.
Other Factors
It's crucial to remember that hormonal fluctuations are just one piece of the puzzle. Anger is a complex emotion influenced by psychological, social, and environmental factors alongside hormonal imbalances. For example, low blood sugar ("hangry") can trigger hormonal changes that affect mood.
