What are single amino acid derived hormones?

Single amino acid derived hormones are hormones synthesized from individual amino acids. They play crucial roles in various physiological processes within the body. The key hormones that fit this classification are derived from the amino acid tyrosine or tryptophan.

Major Single Amino Acid Derived Hormones

Here's a breakdown of the main hormones derived from single amino acids:

Catecholamines

• Source: Derived from the amino acid tyrosine.
• Examples: Epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine.
• Functions: Catecholamines are involved in the body's "fight or flight" response, regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and other stress responses. They also act as neurotransmitters in the nervous system.

Serotonin

• Source: Derived from the amino acid tryptophan.
• Functions: Serotonin is primarily a neurotransmitter that influences mood, appetite, sleep, and cognition. It plays a crucial role in overall well-being.

Melatonin

• Source: Also derived from the amino acid tryptophan, though synthesized in a different pathway than serotonin.
• Functions: Melatonin is primarily involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm) and is often referred to as the "sleep hormone."

Thyroid Hormones

• Source: Derived from tyrosine, using iodine.
• Examples: Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
• Functions: These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development. They affect nearly every organ in the body.

Summary

Here's a summary of the hormones:

These hormones demonstrate the diverse roles that single amino acids can play in hormone production and subsequent physiological control. Understanding their synthesis and function is essential for grasping overall endocrine function.