Amino acid hormones are derived from amino acids and play crucial roles in the body. Examples include epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine and melatonin. These hormones help regulate various physiological processes.
Amino Acid Hormone Examples
Here's a closer look at some key examples of amino acid-derived hormones, drawing from the provided reference:
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline):
- These hormones, also known as catecholamines, are produced in the medulla of the adrenal glands.
- They are key players in the body's "fight-or-flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels.
- Thyroxine (T4):
- Synthesized by the thyroid gland, thyroxine is crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development.
- It has profound effects on energy expenditure and protein synthesis.
- Melatonin:
- Secreted by the pineal gland in the brain.
- Melatonin primarily regulates sleep-wake cycles, also known as circadian rhythms.
Key Functions of Amino Acid Hormones:
| Hormone | Gland | Main Function |
|---|---|---|
| Epinephrine | Adrenal Medulla | Fight-or-flight response |
| Norepinephrine | Adrenal Medulla | Fight-or-flight response |
| Thyroxine | Thyroid Gland | Metabolism, growth, and development |
| Melatonin | Pineal Gland | Regulation of sleep-wake cycles |
Practical Applications:
- Understanding these hormones is essential for treating various conditions, from metabolic disorders to sleep disturbances.
- Synthetic analogs of epinephrine, like those used in emergency allergy treatments, demonstrate the importance of these hormones in clinical practice.
- Melatonin supplements are used for treating jet lag and some sleep disorders.
In summary, amino acid hormones are vital for maintaining physiological balance, with epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine and melatonin serving as key examples of their importance.
