Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions. They can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structure:
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Lipid-derived hormones: These hormones are derived from lipids, specifically cholesterol. They are often referred to as steroid hormones and include examples like testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol. These hormones are fat-soluble and can easily pass through cell membranes.
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Amino acid-derived hormones: These hormones are derived from amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. They can be further divided into amines and thyroid hormones. Examples include epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, and thyroxine (T4). These hormones are water-soluble and typically bind to receptors on the surface of cells.
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Peptide hormones: These hormones are composed of chains of amino acids, ranging from short chains to long chains. Examples include insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone. These hormones are also water-soluble and typically bind to receptors on the surface of cells.
These three types of hormones play crucial roles in regulating a wide range of bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood.
