A female carrying angle refers to the angle formed at the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna when the arm is extended and supinated (palm facing forward). Anatomically, in human adults, the carrying angle is approximately 13° in women. The carrying angle develops to keep the swinging upper extremity away from the side of the pelvis during walking [14].
Understanding the Carrying Angle
The carrying angle is a normal anatomical feature present in both men and women, although it is generally more pronounced in females. This angle allows the forearms to swing clear of the hips during walking.
Factors Influencing the Carrying Angle
Several factors can influence the magnitude of the carrying angle:
- Sex: Females tend to have a larger carrying angle than males. The reference indicates an approximate angle of 13° in women [21].
- Age: The carrying angle can change throughout development.
- Anatomical Variations: Individual anatomical differences can contribute to variations in the carrying angle.
- Pronation of the Forearm: The carrying angle apparently develops in response to pronation of the forearm and keeps the swinging upper extremity away from the side of the pelvis during walking [14].
Significance of the Carrying Angle
The carrying angle serves a functional purpose. It ensures that the arms do not collide with the hips during movement, particularly during walking.
Carrying Angle Comparison: Male vs Female
Feature | Male | Female |
---|---|---|
Carrying Angle | Approximately 10° | Approximately 13° |
Significance | Allows arm swing | Allows arm swing, typically more pronounced |