Stitches, also known as side stitches or exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), are thought to arise from a variety of factors, although a single, definitive cause remains elusive.
Here's a breakdown of the potential causes:
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Reduced Blood Flow to the Diaphragm: One prominent theory suggests that stitches occur due to insufficient blood supply to the diaphragm, the muscle responsible for breathing. During exercise, blood flow is redirected to the working muscles, potentially depriving the diaphragm of adequate oxygen. This lack of oxygen can lead to cramping and pain.
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Shallow Breathing: Rapid, shallow breathing during physical activity can also contribute to stitches. Shallow breaths may not fully engage the diaphragm, leading to fatigue and spasms.
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Gastrointestinal Distress: Problems with the digestive system could be involved. A full stomach, or consuming food or drink too close to exercise, can irritate the lining of the abdomen and potentially trigger a stitch. Dehydration may also play a role.
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Ligament Strain: The ligaments that support the organs in the abdominal cavity, particularly the stomach and liver, may also be involved. When these organs move during exercise, they can pull on these ligaments, causing pain. This is more likely to occur after eating.
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Other Factors: Other factors sometimes suggested include poor posture, inadequate warm-up, and muscle imbalances.
In summary, stitches likely result from a combination of factors related to breathing, blood flow, digestive processes, and physical strain on the abdominal region.
