The 30 human rights are a set of fundamental rights and freedoms that are considered inherent to all human beings, as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). They are inalienable, meaning they cannot be taken away, and universal, meaning they apply to everyone, everywhere.
Here are the 30 human rights articulated in the UDHR:
- Right to Equality: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
- Freedom from Discrimination: Rights are guaranteed to everyone without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
- Right to Life, Liberty, and Security of Person: Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.
- Freedom from Slavery: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
- Freedom from Torture: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
- Right to Recognition Before the Law: Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
- Right to Equality Before the Law: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.
- Right to Remedy by Competent Tribunal: Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
- Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
- Right to a Fair Trial: Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
- Right to be Presumed Innocent Until Proven Guilty: Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
- Freedom from Interference with Privacy, Family, Home and Correspondence: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
- Right to Freedom of Movement and Residence: Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
- Right to Asylum: Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
- Right to a Nationality: Everyone has the right to a nationality.
- Right to Marry and to Found a Family: Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family.
- Right to Own Property: Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
- Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
- Freedom of Opinion and Expression: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
- Right to Peaceful Assembly and Association: Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
- Right to Participate in Government and to Free Elections: Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
- Right to Social Security: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
- Right to Work: Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
- Right to Rest and Leisure: Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
- Right to an Adequate Standard of Living: Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
- Right to Education: Everyone has the right to education.
- Right to Participate in the Cultural Life of the Community: Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
- Right to a Social and International Order in Which These Rights Can be Fully Realized: Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
- Duties to the Community: Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
- Freedom from State or Personal Interference: Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
These rights form the foundation of international human rights law and serve as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations.
