Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance, known as an allergen. This overreaction is the root cause. When someone encounters an allergen—like pollen, dust, mold, or a food protein—their immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat. This triggers the production of antibodies (like Immunoglobulin E or IgE), leading to the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergy symptoms.
Understanding the Immune System's Role
The primary root cause boils down to an immune system malfunction. Instead of ignoring harmless substances, the immune system mounts a defense, causing symptoms like:
- Wheezing
- Itching
- Runny nose
- Watery or itchy eyes
This immune system over-responsiveness can be influenced by several factors, as noted in various sources:
- Genetic predisposition: A family history of allergies significantly increases your risk.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins can burden the body's detoxification and immune systems, contributing to allergic reactions (Dr. Jacqui Zins). A shift towards more processed foods and less diversity in our diets has also been suggested as a contributing factor (NPR).
- Compromised immune system: A weakened immune system may be more likely to overreact to allergens (Amy Beard MD).
Several studies also point to a connection between neuronal alterations and allergic symptoms (NCBI).
It's crucial to understand that while the underlying cause is an immune system overreaction, various factors can influence the likelihood and severity of allergic responses.
