Lymphopenia, a low level of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell crucial for immunity), stems from various factors.
Primary Causes of Lymphopenia
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Infections: Viral infections like HIV/AIDS and, more recently, COVID-19, are significant causes. Other infections, including bacterial, fungal, and parasitic ones, can also lead to lymphopenia. (References: Merck Manual Professional Edition, My.ClevelandClinic.org, NHLBI, NIH)
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Nutritional Deficiencies: Insufficient protein, vitamins, and minerals in the diet (malnutrition) can result in lymphopenia. (Reference: My.ClevelandClinic.org)
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Inherited Disorders: Some individuals are born with genetic conditions that cause lymphopenia. (Reference: Merck Manual Professional Edition)
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Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions where the body's immune system attacks its own cells can contribute to lymphopenia. (Reference: Merck Manual Professional Edition)
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Medications: Certain drugs can have lymphopenia as a side effect. (Reference: Merck Manual Professional Edition)
Secondary Causes of Lymphopenia
Lymphopenia can also be a symptom or consequence of other conditions, such as:
- Cancer: Lymphopenia is frequently observed in cancer patients, sometimes correlating with poorer responses to treatment. (Reference: Journal of Immunotherapy of Cancer)
- Malaria: While the exact mechanism remains unclear, lymphopenia is a common feature of falciparum malaria. (Reference: PMC NCBI)
Understanding the Impact
Lymphopenia leaves individuals vulnerable to increased susceptibility to infections due to weakened immunity. (Reference: Verywell Health) Symptoms can vary but may include recurrent infections or enlarged lymph nodes and spleen. (Reference: Merck Manual Consumer Version)
