T cells and B cells are two main types of lymphocytes, crucial components of the adaptive immune system that help the body fight off infections.
B Cells
- Antibody Production: B cells are primarily responsible for producing antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins. These antibodies are specialized proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens (foreign substances like viruses, bacteria, or toxins).
- Neutralization and Destruction: By binding to antigens, antibodies can neutralize pathogens, preventing them from infecting cells. They can also mark pathogens for destruction by other immune cells, like macrophages.
- Memory Cells: After an infection, some B cells differentiate into memory B cells. These cells remain in the body and provide long-term immunity. If the same antigen is encountered again, memory B cells quickly activate and produce antibodies, leading to a faster and more effective immune response.
T Cells
T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and play diverse roles in the immune system. There are several types of T cells:
- Helper T Cells (CD4+): Helper T cells don't directly kill infected cells. Instead, they orchestrate the immune response by releasing cytokines. These cytokines activate other immune cells, including B cells (to produce antibodies) and cytotoxic T cells. They are crucial for coordinating the immune response.
- Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8+): Cytotoxic T cells, also known as killer T cells, directly kill cells infected with viruses or other pathogens. They recognize infected cells by detecting foreign antigens displayed on their surface.
- Regulatory T Cells: Regulatory T cells help to suppress the immune response after the infection is cleared and prevent autoimmune reactions. They are important for maintaining immune homeostasis.
In summary, B cells produce antibodies to neutralize and mark pathogens for destruction, while T cells directly kill infected cells and coordinate the immune response. Both cell types are essential for a healthy and effective immune system.
