The "Virgins of the Sun," formally known as Acllas (or Aqllakuna), were a distinct and revered group of young women within the Inca Empire. They formed a crucial component of the state's religious, economic, and administrative systems, dedicated to serving the Inca state and its deities, particularly Inti, the Sun God.
Who Were the Acllas?
The Acllas were young virgins, often chosen for their beauty, skill, or noble lineage, who were taken from their families by the state. This selection process was particularly common and strategic after the Inca had conquered new ethnic groups, serving as a method of integrating and asserting control over newly acquired territories. These women were then housed in special institutions called Acllahuasi, or "Houses of the Chosen Women," located in major Inca centers.
Their Roles and Responsibilities
The lives of the Acllas were entirely dedicated to the Inca state, encompassing a range of significant duties. Their service was multifaceted, blending religious observance with practical contributions to the empire's functioning.
Key aspects of their roles included:
- Religious Service: A primary role was participation in elaborate religious rituals and ceremonies dedicated to Inti and other Inca deities. They were often referred to as "Brides of the Sun" due to their sacred dedication, symbolizing a spiritual marriage to the Sun God.
- Production of Fine Textiles: The Acllas were renowned for their exquisite weaving skills. They produced cumbi, highly prized textiles made from vicuña or alpaca wool, which were used for royal garments, ceremonial purposes, and as offerings to deities. These textiles were also crucial for diplomatic gifts and state redistribution.
- Preparation of Offerings: They prepared ceremonial food and chicha (a fermented corn beverage) used in state rituals and festivals. These preparations were vital for the religious feasts and offerings that underpinned Inca spiritual life.
- Serving the Inca Elite: Some Acllas served the Inca emperor and his family directly, assisting with various courtly duties.
- Education: Within the Acllahuasi, they received training in domestic arts, weaving, and religious rites, becoming highly skilled and disciplined individuals.
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | Acllas (also Aqllakuna) |
| Origin | Young virgins selected by the state, often from conquered ethnic groups |
| Location | Housed in Acllahuasi ("Houses of the Chosen Women") |
| Primary Role | Serving the Inca state and deities, particularly Inti (the Sun God) |
| Key Activities | Religious rituals, weaving fine textiles, preparing ceremonial food/drink, potential service to Inca elite |
| Symbolism | "Brides of the Sun," representing sacred dedication and state control over valuable resources (women, labor, production) |
Significance in the Inca Empire
The institution of the Acllas underscored the Inca state's centralized power and its sophisticated administrative capabilities. By selecting and dedicating these women to state service, the Incas reinforced their authority and ensured the production of essential goods and the performance of crucial religious ceremonies. The Acllas embodied a significant aspect of Inca social organization, religious devotion, and economic management.
For further reading on the Inca Empire and the Acllas:
