The question of whether Native Americans prefer to be called "Indians" is nuanced, with no single universal answer. While some Native people do prefer or accept the term "American Indian," the strongest and most respectful preference is for being identified by their specific tribal name whenever possible.
It is important to understand the diverse perspectives within Native communities regarding terminology. Using the most accurate and preferred terms demonstrates respect and an understanding of Indigenous identities.
Preferred Terminology
Understanding the varying preferences among Native peoples is key to respectful communication.
- Specific Tribal Names (Most Preferred): The consensus among Native people is that, whenever possible, they prefer to be called by their specific tribal name. This acknowledges their unique heritage, sovereignty, and distinct cultural identity.
- Examples: Instead of a general term, use Navajo, Cherokee, Lakota, Ojibwe, Hopi, Mohawk, Choctaw, or Apache, depending on the individual's or group's affiliation.
- American Indian or Indigenous American (Preferred by Many): In the United States, the terms "American Indian" or "Indigenous American" are preferred by many Native people. These terms are widely used and accepted within many communities.
- Native American (Widely Used, but Falling Out of Favor with Some): While "Native American" has been widely used, it is falling out of favor with some groups. This term became popular in the 1970s to differentiate from people from India, but some find it overly broad or a creation of non-Native institutions.
Understanding the Nuance
The historical context of the term "Indian" is rooted in a geographical error by Christopher Columbus, and for many, it represents centuries of colonization and misrepresentation. However, over time, some Native communities have reappropriated or accepted "American Indian" as a collective identifier, particularly within political and social movements, and to distinguish themselves from other Indigenous groups globally.
| Term Preference | Description |
|---|---|
| Specific Tribal Name (e.g., Cherokee, Navajo, Lakota) | Most Preferred: Always the most respectful and accurate way to refer to individuals or groups, acknowledging their unique heritage and sovereignty. |
| American Indian or Indigenous American | Preferred by Many: Widely accepted and preferred by a significant number of Native people in the U.S., especially when referring to collective identity. |
| Native American | Widely Used, but falling out of favor with some: While common, some communities are moving away from this term, preferring more specific or historically rooted identifiers. |
Practical Insights for Respectful Language
To ensure you are using respectful and appropriate language:
- Ask if Unsure: If you have the opportunity, the most respectful approach is to politely ask individuals what terms they prefer.
- Prioritize Specificity: Whenever possible, use an individual's specific tribal affiliation.
- Context Matters: In a general context where a collective term is needed, "American Indian" or "Indigenous American" are often appropriate and preferred by many.
- Avoid Outdated or Offensive Terms: Steer clear of terms that are generally considered offensive or outdated, such as "Red Indian," "savage," or derogatory slurs.
By recognizing the diversity of preferences and prioritizing specific tribal names, you can communicate more accurately and respectfully with Native peoples.
For more information on appropriate terminology and Native knowledge, visit the National Museum of the American Indian.
