You should suspect monkeypox (mpox) when an individual presents with a characteristic rash, potentially accompanied by other symptoms, and has specific epidemiological links within a recent timeframe.
Key Indicators for Suspecting Mpox
The suspicion of mpox primarily arises when a person exhibits an mpox-compatible rash and has a recent history of exposure or specific risk factors.
1. Presence of a Compatible Rash or Proctitis Symptoms
A primary indicator is the appearance of an mpox-compatible rash, which can manifest anywhere on the body. This rash often progresses through different stages, from flat spots to raised bumps, blisters, and scabs.
Where to look for the rash:
- Skin: Face, limbs, extremities (hands, feet), and torso.
- Mucosae: This includes sensitive areas such as:
- Oral cavity (mouth, throat)
- Genital area
- Anal area
Additionally, symptoms of proctitis (inflammation of the rectum lining), such as rectal pain, bleeding, or discharge, can also be a significant indicator, even in the absence of a visible external rash.
2. Recent Epidemiological Linkages
For mpox to be suspected, in addition to the rash or proctitis, at least one of the following events must have occurred within 21 days prior to the onset of symptoms:
- Recent New Sexual Partner: Engaging with a new sexual partner can increase the risk of exposure, especially if the partner was unknowingly infected.
- Contact with a Known or Suspected Case of Mpox: Direct or close contact with someone confirmed or suspected to have mpox (e.g., household contact, sexual contact, healthcare exposure without proper personal protective equipment) is a significant risk factor.
Summary of When to Suspect Mpox
To help quickly assess when to suspect mpox, consider the presence of the following criteria:
| Symptom / Condition | Epidemiological Link (within 21 days before symptom onset) |
|---|---|
| An mpox-compatible rash on skin (face, limbs, extremities, torso) | AND |
| An mpox-compatible rash on mucosae (oral, genital, anal) | AND |
| Symptoms of proctitis (rectal pain, bleeding, discharge) | AND |
| - Recent new sexual partner | |
| - Contact with a known or suspected case of mpox |
If an individual presents with a rash consistent with mpox in any of the described locations or symptoms of proctitis, and has a recent history of a new sexual partner or contact with a confirmed or suspected case, mpox should be highly considered.
For more detailed information on mpox, including symptoms, transmission, and prevention, you can refer to reputable health organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the World Health Organization (WHO).
