Elephantiasis, more formally known as lymphatic filariasis, is caused by an infection of the lymphatic system with parasitic worms. These worms are not found in your local pet store, though; they belong to a specific group.
The Culprit: Filariodidea Nematodes
The main cause of elephantiasis is infection with nematodes (roundworms) belonging to the family Filariodidea. These are parasitic worms that thrive in the lymphatic system.
How These Worms Get In: Mosquito Bites
- The worms are not spread by casual contact.
- Instead, they are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
- When a mosquito bites a person who is carrying the larval form of these worms, the mosquito ingests them with the blood meal.
- The larvae develop within the mosquito, and then, when the mosquito bites another person, the larvae are injected into the new host's bloodstream.
- They then make their way to the lymphatic system.
Summary
| Cause | Transmission | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| Infection with filarial roundworms (nematodes from the family Filariodidea) | Bites of infected mosquitoes | Parasitic worms |
Symptoms of Elephantiasis
- The primary characteristic is the severe swelling and disfiguration, particularly in the limbs and genitals.
- This swelling occurs due to the worms causing damage and blockage in the lymphatic system.
- The damage can lead to the accumulation of fluids, causing the affected area to enlarge and the skin to thicken, hence the name “elephantiasis.”
Prevention and Treatment
- Preventing mosquito bites is the most effective way to avoid this infection.
- Use mosquito nets and repellents.
- Wear protective clothing, especially in areas with a high risk of infection.
- While complete eradication is difficult, medication can help treat the infection and reduce the number of worms present.
- Regular hygiene and wound care can prevent secondary bacterial infections, which can worsen the symptoms.
