Yes, insulin can damage the body, primarily when misused, leading to hypoglycemia or, over time, other complications.
Here's a breakdown of how insulin can potentially cause harm:
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Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): This is the most immediate and common risk associated with insulin use.
- Taking too much insulin, skipping meals, or exercising intensely without adjusting insulin dosage can cause blood sugar levels to drop too low (below 70 mg/dL).
- Symptoms of hypoglycemia range from mild (shakiness, sweating, confusion) to severe (seizures, loss of consciousness, coma).
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Insulin Resistance: In some cases, especially with long-term use of high doses, the body can become less responsive to insulin. This is more often seen with type 2 diabetes than type 1.
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Weight Gain: Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen and fat. This can lead to weight gain in some individuals.
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Lipohypertrophy: Repeated insulin injections at the same site can cause fatty deposits to accumulate under the skin, leading to lumps or swelling. This can affect insulin absorption and make blood sugar control more difficult. Rotating injection sites is essential to prevent this.
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Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some people may experience allergic reactions to certain types of insulin. Symptoms can range from mild skin irritation to severe anaphylaxis.
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Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease?: Some studies have suggested a possible link between high insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the evidence is still conflicting and more research is needed. It's complex because poorly controlled diabetes also significantly increases cardiovascular risk.
Important Considerations:
- Insulin is a life-saving medication for people with type 1 diabetes and is often necessary for people with type 2 diabetes to control their blood sugar levels effectively.
- The risks associated with insulin are generally manageable with careful monitoring of blood sugar levels, proper education on insulin administration, and close communication with a healthcare provider.
- The benefits of insulin in controlling blood sugar and preventing the long-term complications of diabetes far outweigh the risks when used appropriately under medical supervision.
- Adhering to your doctor's prescribed dosage and schedule is key to avoiding complications.
