Potassium chloride solution must always be administered by slow intravenous (IV) infusion, diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride.
Essential Administration Method
The primary and only safe method for administering potassium chloride solution is via slow intravenous (IV) infusion. This is crucial for patient safety as it allows the body to gradually adjust to the potassium influx, preventing sudden, dangerous shifts in electrolyte balance. The solution must always be diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) before administration to reduce its concentration and minimize irritation to veins.
It is absolutely critical to understand that potassium chloride must NEVER be administered by direct intravenous (IV) injection (e.g., IV push or bolus), intramuscular (IM) injection, or subcutaneous (SC) injection. Such methods bypass the necessary dilution and slow infusion, leading to rapid, life-threatening cardiac events including arrhythmias and cardiac arrest due to sudden high concentrations of potassium in the bloodstream.
Important Considerations for Safe Use
Ensuring the safe administration of potassium chloride involves careful attention to its form, strength, and proper preparation.
Forms and Strengths
Potassium chloride is available in various concentrations, typically in ampoules. It is vital to check the concentration before use to prevent dosing errors.
| Form | Concentration (w/v) |
|---|---|
| Ampoules | 7.5% |
| Ampoules | 11.2% |
| Ampoules | 15% |
| Ampoules | 20% |
Concentration Verification
Before preparing and administering potassium chloride, always double-check the ampoule's concentration. The different available strengths necessitate careful calculation of the required volume to achieve the desired dose, ensuring proper dilution. Incorrect concentrations can lead to severe adverse effects.
Dilution Protocol
The mandatory dilution of potassium chloride in 0.9% sodium chloride ensures that the solution is delivered at a safe osmolarity and concentration. The specific dilution ratio and total volume will depend on the patient's individual needs, the prescribed dose, and the concentration of the potassium chloride ampoule being used. Adhering strictly to established dilution protocols is paramount.
