Generally, abortion is considered haram (forbidden) in Islam. However, exceptions exist based on varying interpretations of Islamic law.
While most Islamic scholars agree that abortion is impermissible after the fetus is considered to be "ensouled" (generally believed to occur around 120 days of gestation), opinions differ on the permissibility of abortion earlier in the pregnancy.
Here's a breakdown:
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Majority View: Abortion is generally forbidden after conception. Many scholars believe that life begins at conception and thus, abortion is akin to taking a life.
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Permissible Under Certain Circumstances (before 120 days): Some scholars allow abortion before 120 days (some say 40 days) in specific cases, such as:
- Threat to the Mother's Life: If the pregnancy poses a significant threat to the mother's life or health, abortion may be permitted.
- Severe Fetal Abnormalities: In cases of severe fetal abnormalities that would result in extreme suffering for the child after birth, some scholars may permit abortion.
- Rape or Incest: A minority view allows for abortion in cases of pregnancy resulting from rape or incest.
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After "Ensoulment" (generally 120 days): Almost all Islamic scholars agree that abortion is strictly forbidden after the fetus is believed to be ensouled, except in cases where the mother's life is in imminent danger.
Key Considerations:
- Different Schools of Thought: Interpretations of Islamic law vary across different schools of thought (e.g., Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali). This leads to differences in opinions regarding the permissibility of abortion.
- Individual Circumstances: The permissibility of abortion is often dependent on the specific circumstances of each case, and consultation with a knowledgeable Islamic scholar is recommended.
- The Sanctity of Life: The Islamic perspective on abortion is rooted in the belief in the sanctity of life and the responsibility to protect it.
In conclusion, while abortion is generally considered haram in Islam, exceptions may be permitted in certain circumstances, particularly when the mother's life is at risk or in cases of severe fetal abnormalities, especially before the fetus is considered to be ensouled. It's vital to consult with a qualified Islamic scholar for guidance based on individual circumstances and specific interpretations of Islamic law.
