The key difference between phlebitis and infiltration lies in their underlying causes and manifestations related to intravenous (IV) therapy.
| Feature | Phlebitis | Infiltration |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Inflammation of the vein | Leakage of IV fluid into surrounding tissues |
| Cause | Irritation from catheter tip friction | Fluid leaking out of the vein |
| Manifestation | Pain, redness, warmth, swelling at the insertion site, possibly a palpable cord along the vein. | Swelling, coolness, pallor at the insertion site, discomfort |
Detailed Breakdown:
- Phlebitis: This condition is primarily an inflammatory reaction within the vein. The reference mentions that it is "caused by irritation of blood vessels due to friction from the catheter tip." It is akin to a localized irritation, similar to chafing.
- Symptoms: This can present as visible redness, pain, tenderness to touch, a warmth sensation, and noticeable swelling around the IV site. In more serious cases, the affected vein may feel like a hard cord beneath the skin.
- Infiltration: This refers to the unintentional leakage of the IV fluid from within the vein into the surrounding subcutaneous tissue. As stated in the reference, "Infiltration is the leakage of fluid out of the vein".
- Symptoms: Usually manifests as swelling (edema) at the IV site, along with coolness and often paleness of the skin. The affected area might feel tight or firm, and the patient might experience discomfort rather than the marked pain of phlebitis.
Key Differences Summarized
- Primary Issue: Phlebitis is primarily a vascular irritation while infiltration is fluid leakage.
- Location: Phlebitis is centered within the vein itself, whereas infiltration occurs outside of the vein into the tissue.
- Clinical Signs: Phlebitis typically involves heat, redness, and pain, whereas infiltration involves swelling, coolness and paleness.
Practical Implications:
- Prevention: To minimize the risk of phlebitis, healthcare professionals should rotate IV sites regularly, use appropriate catheter sizes, and avoid prolonged catheter use. Prevention of infiltration includes proper catheter placement, secure fixation, and regular monitoring.
- Management: Management involves removing the IV catheter and applying warm compresses to phlebitis sites. Infiltration is managed with removal of the IV, cold compresses and sometimes elevation of the affected limb.
