Running an IV by gravity involves using gravity to deliver fluids into a patient's vein. This method is simpler than using an infusion pump but requires careful monitoring.
Setting Up a Gravity IV
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Prepare the IV line: Ensure the IV bag is correctly hung above the patient's vein, usually at a height of approximately 3 feet. This ensures adequate gravitational force for the fluid to flow. Prime the IV tubing by opening the roller clamp and allowing the fluid to flow through, removing air bubbles.
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Regulate the flow rate: Once primed, use the roller clamp to control the drip rate. The drip rate, measured in drops per minute (gtts/min), is determined by the healthcare provider's prescription and the drip factor of the IV tubing (indicated on the packaging). Counting the drops accurately is crucial. For example, if the prescribed rate is 20 gtts/min, carefully count the drops falling into the drip chamber over a full minute. Adjust the roller clamp to achieve the correct rate.
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Monitor the infusion: Regularly observe the IV site for signs of infiltration (fluid leaking into surrounding tissue), inflammation, or other complications. Continuously monitor the drip rate to maintain the prescribed infusion rate. Note that sitting up may cause the IV to infuse faster. (Source: Coram Healthcare)
Calculating Drip Rate
The infusion rate is usually calculated using the following formula:
(Volume (mL) × Drip Factor (gtts/mL)) / Time (minutes) = Drops per minute (gtts/min)
The drip factor, expressed in gtts/mL, indicates the number of drops per milliliter of fluid, which varies depending on the IV tubing used. This information is always present on the IV tubing packaging.
Troubleshooting
If the IV infusion runs too slowly or fluid is not dripping, check the following:
- Roller clamp: Ensure the roller clamp is properly opened.
- Tubing: Check for kinks or obstructions in the tubing.
- Height of IV bag: Make sure the bag is positioned high enough to allow gravity to work effectively.
Conclusion
Gravity infusion is a method of intravenous fluid administration that relies on gravity to deliver fluids. Proper setup, rate calculation, and continuous monitoring are vital for safe and effective administration.
