Why Do Japanese People Sit on Their Knees?

Japanese people sit on their knees, most notably in the traditional seiza position, primarily as a deeply ingrained cultural practice that symbolizes respect, humility, and adherence to tradition. This posture is more than just a way to sit; it embodies significant cultural values and is observed in various formal and spiritual contexts.

Understanding the Seiza Posture

The seiza (正座) posture involves kneeling on the floor with the knees bent and the shins tucked directly underneath the thighs. Individuals then rest their buttocks on their heels, with the tops of their feet flat on the floor. Often, the big toes will touch or slightly overlap. This specific way of sitting has been a customary part of Japanese life for centuries.

Cultural and Symbolic Significance

The act of sitting in seiza is rich with meaning, reflecting core aspects of Japanese etiquette and philosophy:

• Respect and Humility: It is a profound gesture of respect towards others, whether they are elders, hosts, teachers, or spiritual figures. Adopting this humble posture demonstrates deference and a willingness to show proper regard.
• Tradition and Formality: Seiza is a direct connection to ancient Japanese customs. Its use in formal settings underscores the importance of traditional values and proper decorum. It signifies that one is engaged in a serious or culturally significant activity.
• Mindfulness and Discipline: The posture itself encourages an upright spine and a steady body, which can promote focus and discipline, particularly important in practices like meditation or martial arts.

Common Situations for Seiza

Seiza is not an everyday sitting posture for all Japanese people in modern life, but it remains essential in specific situations:

• Traditional Ceremonies: It is integral to the Japanese tea ceremony (Chado), where it is maintained throughout the ritual.
• Martial Arts: Practitioners of martial arts like kendo, judo, and aikido often begin and end their training sessions in seiza for meditation, bowing, and showing respect to the dojo and instructors.
• Meditation: For Zazen (Zen Buddhist meditation), seiza is a fundamental posture, aiding in concentration and stability.
• Formal Greetings and Meals: In traditional Japanese homes (washitsu), ryokan (traditional inns), or during formal gatherings, sitting in seiza for meals or greetings is common.
• Traditional Arts: Attending traditional performing arts like Kabuki or Noh plays, or listening to rakugo (storytelling), may involve sitting in seiza.
• Spiritual Settings: At Buddhist temples or Shinto shrines, people may sit in seiza during prayers, rituals, or when listening to sermons.

Practical Benefits

Beyond its symbolic depth, seiza also offers some practical aspects:

• Muscle Stretching: Regularly adopting the seiza position can help stretch the muscles in the ankles, feet, and shins.
• Improved Posture: It naturally encourages a straight spine, which can be beneficial for maintaining good posture during extended periods of sitting, especially during activities requiring focus.

The Enduring Legacy

While modern Japanese life incorporates Western-style furniture, the practice of seiza endures as a powerful symbol of cultural heritage and respect. Its continued presence in specific, meaningful contexts highlights the deep value placed on tradition and etiquette in Japanese society.