A sprain happens when a ligament, the tough band of tissue connecting two bones in a joint, is stretched or torn. This usually occurs due to a sudden force or twist applied to the joint, leading to an overstretching or tearing of the ligament.
Here are some common causes of sprains:
- Sudden twisting or wrenching movements: This is often seen in sports injuries, like landing awkwardly after a jump or twisting your ankle while running.
- Falls: Falling on an outstretched hand or directly onto a joint can cause a sprain.
- Direct impact: A direct hit to a joint, such as a blow to the knee during a collision, can also lead to a sprain.
The severity of a sprain depends on the extent of ligament damage:
- Grade 1 sprain: Mild stretching or tearing of the ligament, causing minimal pain and swelling.
- Grade 2 sprain: Partial tear of the ligament, causing moderate pain, swelling, and bruising.
- Grade 3 sprain: Complete tear of the ligament, resulting in severe pain, swelling, and instability of the joint.
While most sprains heal with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), severe sprains might require surgery or physical therapy.