Kidney size decreases, or atrophies, due to several reasons impacting the organ's functionality and structure. This can manifest as either a kidney that never developed to full size or one that shrinks over time.
Causes of Decreased Kidney Size
The following factors can contribute to a reduction in kidney size:
- Reduced Blood Supply: A lower blood supply to the kidney, or ischemia, deprives the organ of necessary oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to cell death and subsequent atrophy.
- Loss of Nephrons: Nephrons are the basic functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering waste and regulating fluid balance. A decrease in the number of nephrons directly affects the overall size of the kidney.
- Chronic Infections: Long-term infections within the kidney can cause inflammation and scarring, ultimately leading to tissue damage and shrinkage.
- Blockage: Obstructions in the kidney, such as kidney stones or tumors, can impede urine flow, causing back pressure and damage to the renal tissue, which can result in atrophy.
- Kidney Hypoplasia (Renal Hypoplasia): Some individuals are born with a smaller kidney than normal, a condition known as kidney hypoplasia or renal hypoplasia.
Summary Table of Causes
| Cause | Description |
|---|---|
| Reduced Blood Supply | Insufficient blood flow leads to tissue damage. |
| Loss of Nephrons | Decrease in functional kidney units. |
| Chronic Infections | Inflammation and scarring causing tissue damage. |
| Blockage | Obstruction impairs urine flow, damaging kidney tissue. |
| Kidney Hypoplasia | Congenital condition of having a smaller kidney. |
