Menisci are C-shaped pads of cartilage in the knee joint that primarily act as shock absorbers between the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (shin bone). Each knee contains two menisci: the medial meniscus (on the inner side of the knee) and the lateral meniscus (on the outer side of the knee).
Function of the Menisci
The menisci play a crucial role in knee function, including:
- Shock Absorption: Distributing weight and reducing stress on the articular cartilage.
- Stability: Contributing to knee joint stability, especially during twisting and pivoting movements.
- Lubrication: Helping to lubricate the knee joint.
- Proprioception: Providing feedback to the brain about knee joint position and movement.
Meniscus Tears
Meniscus tears are a common knee injury, particularly among athletes. These tears can occur due to:
- Sudden twisting or pivoting: Common in sports like soccer, basketball, and tennis.
- Direct impact: A blow to the knee.
- Degeneration: Gradual wear and tear over time, more common in older adults.
Symptoms of a Meniscus Tear
Common symptoms of a meniscus tear include:
- Knee pain
- Swelling
- Stiffness
- Clicking or popping sensation in the knee
- Locking or catching of the knee
- Difficulty straightening the knee fully
Treatment of Meniscus Tears
Treatment options for a meniscus tear vary depending on the severity of the tear, the patient's age, and activity level. Treatment options may include:
- Conservative Treatment: Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), and pain medication. Physical therapy is often prescribed to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve knee stability.
- Knee Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure to repair or remove the damaged portion of the meniscus. Meniscus repair is preferred when possible, as it preserves the meniscus and its shock-absorbing function.
Key Takeaway
In summary, menisci are essential cartilage structures in the knee that provide crucial shock absorption, stability, and overall joint health. Injuries to the menisci are common and can often be effectively treated, either conservatively or surgically.
