Leo Tolstoy's opinion of Ivan Turgenev was a blend of sharp criticism and, surprisingly, a degree of personal affection and admiration. Their relationship, characterized by both deep literary respect and profound personal and ideological clashes, was one of the most famous and tumultuous in Russian literary history.
A Relationship Defined by Contrasts and Complexity
Tolstoy's views on Turgenev were multifaceted, reflecting their differing personalities, lifestyles, and artistic philosophies. While they were both titans of Russian literature, their approaches to life and art often put them at odds.Critiques of Lifestyle and Ideology
Tolstoy, known for his later asceticism and moral rigor, often found Turgenev's more Europeanized and comfortable lifestyle at odds with his own ideals.- Tolstoy critically remarked that Turgenev “lives in luxury and idleness.” This comment highlights Tolstoy's disapproval of what he perceived as Turgenev's detached and overly comfortable existence, contrasting sharply with Tolstoy's evolving embrace of simplicity and manual labor.
- Their literary styles and philosophical outlooks also diverged significantly. Turgenev was more a novelist of the gentry and intellectual class, often exploring themes of unrequited love and the nuanced psychological states of his characters, while Tolstoy delved into epic narratives, moral philosophy, and the lives of common people.
Grudging Admiration and Personal Liking
Despite his cutting remarks and the well-documented feuds between them (including a famous near-duel), Tolstoy also held a certain regard for Turgenev's character and artistic talent.- Tolstoy famously described Turgenev as “the most likable of pagans.” This phrase encapsulates the paradox of their relationship: a condemnation of Turgenev's secular worldview ("pagan") combined with an undeniable personal fondness or appreciation for his charm and agreeable nature ("likable").
- Their interactions weren't solely contentious. They did, at times, have some good times together, indicating moments of camaraderie and perhaps mutual intellectual stimulation that transcended their disagreements.
- Evidence of their occasional reconciliation and personal connection includes Turgenev visiting Tolstoy at his famed estate at Yasnaya Polyana. These visits suggest that despite their ideological battles, a personal bond and mutual respect for each other's presence persisted.
Key Facets of Their Intermittent Interaction
The dynamic between Tolstoy and Turgenev can be summarized by a series of contrasting yet coexisting elements:| Aspect | Tolstoy's View/Interaction with Turgenev |
|---|---|
| Lifestyle | Critical of Turgenev's perceived "luxury and idleness" |
| Personality | Acknowledged him as "the most likable of pagans" |
| Shared Moments | Had "some good times together," indicating periods of warmth |
| Visits | Turgenev visited Tolstoy at his estate, Yasnaya Polyana |
| Artistic Stance | Respected his talent, but often differed on literary and moral aims |
In essence, Tolstoy's view of Turgenev was a complex tapestry woven from ideological opposition, personal irritation, and an underlying current of respect and even fondness. Their relationship, though stormy, ultimately enriched the landscape of 19th-century Russian literature, showcasing the vibrant intellectual ferment of the era. To learn more about the complex world of 19th-century Russian literature and its iconic figures, you can explore various literary resources.
