Yellow liver isn't a specific disease but rather a description of the appearance of the liver when affected by a condition that causes jaundice. Jaundice is the yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and it can also affect the liver's color. The liver appears yellow because of a buildup of bilirubin.
Understanding Jaundice and Bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. Normally, the liver processes bilirubin, and it's then excreted from the body. However, if there's a problem with the liver, gallbladder, or bile ducts, bilirubin can build up in the blood, leading to jaundice and the liver appearing yellow.
Causes of a Liver Appearing Yellow (Jaundice)
Several conditions can cause jaundice and a yellow liver, including:
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Excessive Red Blood Cell Breakdown (Hemolysis): When too many red blood cells are breaking down, the liver may not be able to process bilirubin quickly enough, leading to a buildup.
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Liver Disease: Conditions like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer can impair the liver's ability to process bilirubin.
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Bile Duct Obstruction: Blockages in the bile ducts (e.g., from gallstones, tumors) prevent bilirubin from being excreted, causing it to accumulate.
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Genetic Disorders: Some genetic conditions affect the liver's ability to process bilirubin.
Symptoms Associated with Yellow Liver (Jaundice)
Besides the yellowing of the skin and eyes, other symptoms associated with jaundice and related liver issues may include:
- Dark urine
- Pale stools
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Itching
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing the cause of jaundice and yellow liver involves blood tests to measure bilirubin levels and liver function. Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI may also be used to visualize the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For example, gallstones may require surgery, while liver infections may require antiviral medications.
