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Is it possible that the moon is hollow?

Published in Lunar Structure 3 mins read

No, the Moon is not hollow. Extensive scientific research, particularly through seismic observations, has definitively revealed that our natural satellite possesses a solid, layered internal structure.

Unveiling the Moon's Internal Layers

Scientists have meticulously mapped the Moon's interior using data from seismic observations. These observations involve studying how "moonquakes" (seismic events on the Moon) generate waves that travel through its interior. By analyzing the speed and paths of these waves, researchers can determine the density, composition, and boundaries of different layers within the Moon.

This scientific approach has provided clear evidence of a distinct crust, mantle, and core, each with specific characteristics and depths. The existence and constrained thicknesses of these layers fundamentally preclude the possibility of a large, empty void within the Moon.

Moon's Internal Structure - Approximate Depths

The table below outlines the scientifically established layers of the Moon's interior:

Layer Approximate Depth from Surface Characteristics
Crust ~0-70 kilometers Rocky, solid, and relatively brittle
Mantle ~70-1350 kilometers Solid, but ductile, capable of deforming slowly over time
Outer Core ~1350-1700 kilometers Composed of molten, iron-rich material
Inner Core ~1700-1737 kilometers (center) Solid, dense, iron-rich material

How Seismic Waves Reveal the Moon's Core

The detailed understanding of the Moon's interior comes from analyzing seismic waves:

  • Moonquakes: Similar to earthquakes on Earth, these tremors (caused by tidal stresses, thermal contraction, or meteoroid impacts) generate seismic waves that propagate throughout the lunar body.
  • Wave Propagation: Two primary types of seismic waves, P-waves (compressional) and S-waves (shear), travel through the Moon's interior. P-waves can pass through both solids and liquids, while S-waves can only travel through solid material.
  • Data Analysis: By studying how these waves are reflected, refracted, and absorbed at different depths, scientists can infer the physical properties of the materials they pass through. For example, the observation that S-waves are significantly attenuated or absent in certain deep regions provides strong evidence for a molten outer core. The distinct arrival times and amplitudes of waves at various seismograph stations on the lunar surface (deployed during Apollo missions) allowed scientists to precisely determine the boundaries and thicknesses of the Moon's crust, mantle, and core.

Dispelling the Hollow Moon Concept

The idea of a hollow Moon, while a popular concept in science fiction and some historical speculation, is not supported by any credible scientific evidence. The precise measurements and data gathered from lunar missions, particularly the Apollo program's seismometers, have provided compelling proof of a layered, solid interior, making a hollow structure impossible according to current scientific understanding.

Further Reading on Lunar Structure

To learn more about the Moon's intricate internal structure and the scientific methods used to study it, you can explore resources from reputable organizations: