Churches that are generally not considered evangelical often fall under the umbrella of Mainline Protestantism, distinguished by their historical development, theological approaches, and social stances.
These denominations have a long and influential history in the United States and differ from evangelical churches in various aspects, including their interpretation of scripture, social engagement, and approach to ecumenical relationships. Unlike many evangelical churches that emphasize personal conversion, biblical inerrancy, and evangelism, Mainline Protestant churches often focus on social justice, community service, intellectual inquiry, and a more open approach to theological interpretation.
The following are prominent examples of churches and denominations typically categorized as non-evangelical:
| Denomination | Key Characteristics and Distinctions from Evangelicalism |
|---|---|
| United Methodist Church | As the largest Mainline Protestant denomination in the U.S., the United Methodist Church (UMC) is known for its emphasis on social justice, community service, and a balanced approach to faith and reason rooted in the Wesleyan tradition. It typically embraces diverse theological views and is often engaged in social activism. |
| Disciples of Christ | (Christian Church - Disciples of Christ) This denomination has roots in the American Restoration Movement but evolved to become a Mainline church. It is characterized by congregational autonomy, a strong emphasis on Christian unity, and a commitment to social justice and service. |
| Congregational Churches | Often associated with the United Church of Christ (UCC), Congregational churches emphasize local church autonomy, a progressive theological stance, and an inclusive approach to faith. They generally prioritize social responsibility and theological diversity over strict doctrinal uniformity. |
| Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) | A historically pacifist Christian movement, Quakers emphasize direct personal experience of God (the "Inner Light"), equality, simplicity, and peace. Many Quaker meetings do not have formal clergy or structured services and focus on quiet contemplation and social witness rather than evangelistic outreach or fixed creeds. |
| Episcopalian Churches | (The Episcopal Church) The U.S. branch of the global Anglican Communion, Episcopalian churches are recognized for their liturgical worship, sacramental tradition, and generally more liberal theological and social positions compared to many evangelical groups. They often value tradition, reason, and scripture as equally important in understanding faith. |
| Lutheran Churches | While the term "Evangelical" is present in the names of some Lutheran bodies (e.g., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America - ELCA), Mainline Lutheran denominations (like the ELCA) are distinct from the broader evangelical movement. They are rooted in the Reformation, emphasize sacraments and liturgy, and often hold more progressive views on social issues and biblical interpretation compared to many evangelical counterparts. |
| Presbyterian Churches | (e.g., Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - PC(USA)) Rooted in the Reformed tradition, Presbyterian churches are characterized by their governance by elders (presbyters), a strong emphasis on education, and often a commitment to social responsibility and justice. Mainline Presbyterian denominations typically engage with modern biblical scholarship and are known for their deliberative decision-making processes. |
These denominations are often part of broader dialogues about faith and society, distinguishing themselves through their theological flexibility, social engagement, and emphasis on community and intellectual discourse rather than a singular focus on personal salvation through conversion or strict biblical literalism. For more information on these denominations, you can explore resources on Mainline Protestantism.
