A sperm test, more accurately called a semen analysis, doesn't directly test for pregnancy. Instead, it assesses the health and quality of a man's sperm to determine his fertility and likelihood of causing a pregnancy. It's a crucial test for couples experiencing infertility or those wanting to confirm the success of a vasectomy.
What Does a Semen Analysis Test?
A semen analysis examines several key aspects of a semen sample:
- Sperm Count: The number of sperm present in a milliliter of semen. A normal count is generally at least 15 million sperm per milliliter. Lower counts can reduce the chances of pregnancy. (WebMD)
- Sperm Motility: The percentage of sperm that are moving properly. Good motility is essential for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg. (Healthline)
- Sperm Morphology: The percentage of sperm that have a normal shape. Abnormal shapes can affect a sperm's ability to function correctly. (Healthline)
- Semen Volume and pH: The amount of semen produced and its acidity level. These factors can also influence fertility. (Cleveland Clinic)
The results of the semen analysis help identify potential causes of infertility in men. For example, a low sperm count or poor motility can significantly decrease the chances of pregnancy. (Mayo Clinic) A semen analysis is also used after a vasectomy to ensure the procedure was successful by checking for the absence of sperm. ([Reference 1])
In short, a semen analysis assesses male fertility, providing valuable information for couples trying to conceive or for post-vasectomy checks. It is not a pregnancy test.
