One effective method for turning manure into fertilizer is through composting, often using the windrow method.
Composting transforms raw manure into a stable, nutrient-rich soil amendment by managing its decomposition. This process reduces pathogens, odors, and weed seeds present in fresh manure, making it a safer and more effective fertilizer.
The Composting Process Using Windrows
Composting manure typically involves creating long piles called windrows. The composting process relies on microorganisms that thrive in moist, aerated conditions. Managing these conditions, particularly temperature and oxygen levels, is crucial for efficient composting.
A key step in successful composting is turning the windrow. Turning aerates the pile, redistributes moisture, and helps maintain optimal temperatures throughout the material.
When and How to Turn Manure Windrows
Turning is a critical practice to ensure efficient decomposition and produce finished compost.
- Temperature Trigger: To efficiently compost manure, turn the windrow when the internal temperature drops below 120 degrees F. Monitoring temperatures at various locations and depths within the windrow is important to get an accurate reading.
- Frequency: While temperature is the primary trigger, a general guideline for turning frequency exists. According to Michel (2009), compost windrows can be turned every 10 days or two weeks.
- Number of Turns: The composting process is often considered complete after five to six turns, assuming proper temperature management and moisture levels are maintained throughout the process.
Why Turning is Important
Turning the windrow provides several benefits:
- Aeration: Supplies oxygen to the microorganisms, which is essential for aerobic decomposition.
- Temperature Control: Helps prevent the pile from becoming too hot, which can kill beneficial microbes, or too cool, which slows decomposition.
- Uniformity: Mixes the materials, ensuring even decomposition and exposing all parts of the pile to optimal conditions.
- Moisture Management: Helps distribute moisture evenly and can help dry out excessively wet spots.
By following these turning guidelines based on temperature and frequency, you can efficiently transform manure into valuable composted fertilizer.
